Pareto-Optimality of Maps: What Metrics are Best?

General discussion of map projections.
Milo
Posts: 271
Joined: Fri Jan 22, 2021 11:11 am

Re: Pareto-Optimality of Maps: What Metrics are Best?

Post by Milo »

PeteD wrote: Sun May 12, 2024 10:09 pmI definitely wouldn't use flexion or distance errors.
Flexion is a weird case because, again, the gnomonic projection is definitely an importal projection that is both useful for some practical applications and of significant theoretical interest, but it wouldn't be included in the Pareto front unless you include some metric favoring it. However, it's dubious if there is any value to "almost-gnomonic" projections that aren't completely so, although again, it's hard to judge because there don't seem to be any! Though that itself is informative: if this were a decent way to construct a projection, there would probably be some by now.
PeteD wrote: Sun May 12, 2024 10:25 pmThis ties in with my previous point that skewness favours tall and narrow projections.
Well, I definitely don't think that "being tall and narrow" is, by itself, a worthwhile property to optimize for.

People seem to somewhat expect non-azimuthal projections to have a 2:1 aspect ratio. The plate carree and sinusoidal projections are like that naturally, and the Mollweide, Eckert IV/VI, and Hammer projections are arbitrarily defined to have it as well, even though there is no strong reason for it. Aside from meridian-interrupted projections, two-hemisphere projections (including azimuthal and hemisphere-in-a-square projections) also have a 2:1 aspect ratio when you put both hemispheres next to each other.

Projections designed to minimize distortion, however, tend to not have exactly 2:1 aspect ratios. The best-looking equal-area cylindrical and pseudocylindrical projections actually tend to have larger aspect ratios (compare Behrmann against Gall-Peters, for example, or Bromley against Mollweide), but the best lenticular projections (whether equal-area or compromise) actually tend to have smaller aspect ratios, as do cylindrical compromise projections (equirectangular with a standard parallel other than the equator, for example, or Gall stereographic regardless of standard parallel).

Even so, I would not consider aspect ratio to be important enough to put any effort into maximizing or minimizing it relative to other things, unless you just really need the map to fit in a particular space.

As a side note, Mercator is the most tall-and-narrow a projection can possibly get, since it has infinite height and finite width :) It does not have especially low skewness, however. Presumably because of its extreme area distortions.
PeteD
Posts: 251
Joined: Mon Mar 08, 2021 9:59 am

Re: Pareto-Optimality of Maps: What Metrics are Best?

Post by PeteD »

Milo wrote: Mon May 13, 2024 5:48 am Well, I definitely don't think that "being tall and narrow" is, by itself, a worthwhile property to optimize for.
Absolutely not. That's why I listed skewness's preference for tall and narrow projections as a drawback above. I just mentioned aspect ratio again to explain why the polyconic and Briesemeister projections have lower skewness than some projections that Pareto-dominate them in terms of areal and angular distortion. This is probably an argument against including skewness in a Pareto frontier.
Milo wrote: Mon May 13, 2024 5:48 am The best-looking equal-area cylindrical and pseudocylindrical projections actually tend to have larger aspect ratios (compare Behrmann against Gall-Peters, for example, or Bromley against Mollweide),
I would dispute the fact that Behrmann and Bromley look better than Gall–Peters and Mollweide overall. They look better in the tropics but worse elsewhere.
Milo wrote: Mon May 13, 2024 5:48 am Even so, I would not consider aspect ratio to be important enough to put any effort into maximizing or minimizing it relative to other things, unless you just really need the map to fit in a particular space.
I agree. Again, probably an argument against including skewness in a Pareto frontier.
Milo
Posts: 271
Joined: Fri Jan 22, 2021 11:11 am

Re: Pareto-Optimality of Maps: What Metrics are Best?

Post by Milo »

Another consideration when compiling a list/frontier of optimal projections: there is a difference between being optimal among all known projections, and being provably optimal among all possible projections. There are some cases where a particular projection has been proven to be the best one can possibly be by a certain metric, but in most cases we don't know for sure whether a better projection might be possible that no-one's found yet.

And of course, "known projections" is a category that varies depending on how comprehensively you've searched the literature...
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